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SES-005 Manufacturing · legacy line IoT retrofit · predictive maintenance · ESP32

1996 production line with predictive maintenance — no digital interfaces and no machine replacement.

6
machines
78
measurement points
Edge FFT
ESP32 · MEMS
18 h
avg. warning time

Situation

A manufacturer wanted to connect an older line (built 1996) to modern predictive maintenance. Six machines, 8–15 measurement points each — analog only (4–20 mA, 0–10 V, thermocouples, PT100), no digital interface.

Unplanned downtime drove maintenance: failures were detected only after a stop. Market alternative: replace the entire line; vendor SCADA retrofit for these models was not available.

Goal: parallel data capture and early warning — machines keep running without control retrofit or line replacement.

Approach

1
1 Analysis

Signal and failure analysis

  • Mapped 78 analog measurement points across six machines
  • Identified twelve common failure patterns from maintenance logs (5 years)
  • Correlations: which signals indicate which state and which precursors
2
2 PCB

Custom IoT nodes (hardware)

  • Per machine type: ESP32 data logger, 16-channel 24-bit ADC
  • Inputs 4–20 mA, 0–10 V, thermocouples, PT100; MEMS accelerometer
  • IP65 enclosure, 24 V DC from cabinet, Wi‑Fi + MQTT
3
3 Embedded

Firmware: FFT and on-device early warning

  • ESP-IDF; ADC sampling up to 10 kHz for vibration
  • FFT with ESP-DSP — 0–500 Hz spectral analysis at bearing points
  • Rule-based early warning on-device, telemetry raw + KPIs + alarms, OTA
4
4 Deployment

Installation without machine retrofit

  • Tap existing measurement points — no change to machine control
  • About four hours installation per machine, no planned production stop
  • Six nodes live, first time series within days
5
5 Backend

Cloud pipeline and dashboard

  • MQTT over Wi‑Fi into broker/adapter and Node.js pipeline
  • TimescaleDB for all points, InfluxDB for high-frequency vibration
  • FastAPI + React: FFT spectrum, trends, predictive score, escalated alarms
6
6 6 months

Results in operation

  • Nine of twelve failure patterns caught by early warning
  • Unplanned downtime sharply reduced (reported: 32 h/month → 4.5 h/month)
  • First complete digital machine history; spare parts orderable weeks ahead
  • Energy use measurably reduced through optimization (reported: about −12%)

How the solution works

6× IoT nodes (ESP32 · ADC · MEMS · IP65)
MQTT over Wi‑Fi (telemetry · alarms)
Broker / pipeline (AMQP/MQTT adapter · Node.js)
TimescaleDB + InfluxDB (time series · HF vibration)
React dashboard (FFT · trends · predictive score)

Results

Predictive maintenance on a legacy line with no digital interfaces — without machine replacement
78 analog points brought into one IoT network
Edge FFT and early warning on ESP32 — cloud for history and dashboard
Installation parallel to running production, typically a few hours per machine
Maintenance shifted from reactive to proactive — patterns and warning time documented
Technical path scalable to more machine types with the same signal landscape

Technologies

IoT retrofitESP32ESP-IDFESP-DSP / FFTCustom PCB24-bit ADCMQTTTimescaleDBInfluxDBNode.jsFastAPIReactPredictive maintenance

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